2020-07-20
Overseas processing trade refers to a mode of operation and trade for production, development, research, and trade established overseas by Chinese-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperation or wholly Chinese-owned enterprises based on domestic enterprises. It is a kind of capital, technology, equipment and talents. Output. In recent years, my country's overseas processing trade has developed rapidly. In addition to state-owned enterprises, private enterprises also have a tendency to develop overseas. This is a new stage of foreign economic cooperation. Through overseas processing trade, the export of technical equipment, raw materials and semi-finished products can be promoted. The rapid development of overseas processing trade in recent years is based on several reasons:
1. From a global perspective, economic integration is unstoppable. It must conform to the trend of economic globalization, informatization, and knowledge. The specific manifestation is the acceleration of the overseas expansion of large multinational companies. The most obvious feature is the establishment of overseas production bases. Invest and set up factories in the export target countries, localize products, and allocate resources rationally to reduce costs.
2. From a domestic perspective, after 20 years of reform and opening up, coastal open areas and special economic zones have completed the original accumulation of capital. The domestic market has also shifted from a seller’s market to a buyer’s market. Competition in the production field has become increasingly fierce and profitable. decline. In the more mature industries such as home appliances, clothing, ceramics, etc., market saturation is high. Existing capital and technical equipment are required to expand production scale, seek a larger market, and pursue higher return on investment.
3. From the perspective of breaking trade protection, because China’s products have strong competitiveness in the international market, they have become the targets of trade protectionism in many countries. Anti-dumping investigations, high tariffs, and technical barriers have emerged one after another. The development of overseas processing trade can combine export and foreign investment, break the trade protection of relevant countries, and use China's overseas investment enterprises to increase the export of our production equipment and raw materials.
4. From the perspective of industrial adjustment, since most countries encourage foreign investment and implement national treatment for foreign capital, setting up factories overseas has obvious benefits to me: solve the problem of after-sales service and parts export of China's bulk export products, solve the payment risk, and reduce The intermediate links have been improved, profits have been increased, the industrial structure has been adjusted, mature industries with little room for development have been transferred overseas, and excessive domestic competition has been avoided. At the same time, exports to Europe and the United States have been made in compliance with the rules of origin. , And can make products receive GSP treatment.
At present, most developed countries have a relatively complete management system for investment in overseas processing trade, while China’s management in this area is in its infancy. Whether it is inspection and quarantine, foreign economic and trade departments, and customs, their management is in a state of exploration, and some departments Some regulations have been promulgated, but most of them can only be implemented with reference to general export management, so they still need to be further improved.
The relationship between inspection and quarantine and overseas processing trade is very close. The purpose of inspection and quarantine for overseas processing trade management is to strictly control the quality of imported and exported commodities in accordance with national laws and regulations, and to ensure the normal operation of overseas investment projects, so as to achieve the goal of strengthening the overall national strength. The inspection and quarantine content is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Export of special equipment for overseas processing trade production. The equipment required for setting up factories abroad is mostly large-scale electromechanical equipment. The normal operation of equipment is a prerequisite for the production, operation and profitability of the enterprise. Therefore, in addition to meeting the national requirements of both parties, whether the export equipment meets the technical standards listed in the contract is the key. At the same time, most of them belong to the scope of the implementation of the quality license. , Must fully meet the product standard requirements. Therefore, the inspection work of such commodities should be extended to help companies establish an effective quality system. Since the export equipment has the characteristics of tight time, high quality requirements, and issuance of inspection and quarantine certificates, from the perspective of inspection and quarantine, the set of equipment must not only meet China’s export requirements, but also pay close attention to the quality clauses of contracts and letters of credit. The inspection standards of the other country.
2. Inspection and quarantine for the export of bulk raw materials. Some enterprises are of the nature of outbound processing with materials and outbound processing with purchased materials. This is due to the lack of certain raw materials in the country where the overseas processing trade is located, and the domestic overproduction. At this time, domestic manufacturers provide high-quality sources, stable prices, and are not easily affected by international The influence of the supply and demand of the environment. For the export of such products, the author believes that it is necessary to do a good job in the pre-management of enterprises, strengthen enterprise registration and classification management, pay attention to pre-inspection, increase the self-inspection rate, and implement inspection and supervision work into the production process. Implement batch management, give priority to inspections, random inspections, and pay attention to relevant quarantine measures, so that it can save time, convenient and fast for enterprises.
3. Inspection and quarantine of parts and components of overseas processing trade equipment, including optional equipment, spare parts and product parts. As a link in after-sales service, the matching of parts and components is very important after the early complete equipment products have entered the market. From the perspective of the consistency of the company's products, the manufacturers of spare parts are basically stable. Inspection and quarantine management should pay attention to the consistency of enterprise product quality.
4. Overseas processing trade re-sells domestic products. We believe that the products of overseas processing trade enterprises can implement the safety and quality license system and other registration and certification work as early as possible according to the proportion and structure of their products sold back to the country, and in accordance with the relevant domestic import regulations, reflecting the country’s industrial structure adjustment policy. Thus, it is different from the general imported goods of other countries, facilitates import, enhances competitiveness, and promotes the development of overseas enterprises.
At this stage, the inspection and quarantine of overseas processing trade is well done to promote its vigorous development. The inspection and quarantine department has a lot of work to do, mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. According to the development of overseas processing trade methods, and with reference to the inspection and quarantine management regulations of overseas investment enterprises, adjust and formulate the inspection and quarantine management measures for overseas processing trade, change the operation of different standards in various regions, and ensure consistency from the central government to the port , Unity.
2. Give full play to the advantages of inspection and quarantine agencies abroad, use advanced information technology to assist companies in the preliminary investigation and project selection of overseas markets, analyze the import and export policies of relevant countries, and seize the economic opening of relevant countries (such as South American countries) Policies, analyze the supply and demand of various categories of commodities, and pay attention to solving existing barriers to ensure the smooth development and profitability of the project.
3. Earnestly do a good job in the property appraisal of export equipment and raw materials, prevent the loss of state-owned assets, and coordinate the management of state-owned assets by foreign exchange and state-owned assets. Implement statutory inspections on equipment and raw materials purchased from domestic by foreign companies of state-owned enterprises, and conduct property appraisal for foreign joint ventures’ investments, as well as property appraisal for equipment purchased from third countries.
4. Improve service quality and inspection speed, truly achieve effective supervision, facilitate entry and exit, and appropriately reduce fees in accordance with national policies, while avoiding repeated inspections and fees at home and abroad, and relevant agreements should be signed with relevant countries.
5. Pay attention to the operation of the equipment, and pay special attention to the follow-up management of the equipment after installation. If an overseas company claims a claim in the country, it is necessary to carefully analyze the reason, find the source, and treat it seriously.
6. Regarding the mutual recognition of foreign inspection certificates. Since the designated inspection agencies of our country and certain countries have not yet achieved mutual recognition, the country must strengthen communication and contact with foreign inspection agencies in combination with other aspects, and focus on solving the issue of certificate recognition. This is a prerequisite for inspection and quarantine work.
The inspection and quarantine of overseas processing trade is a new issue for us. We should conduct comprehensive management in speeding up the import and export of goods, protecting national interests, and strengthening the quarantine of infectious diseases for people going abroad. The process of my country's entry into the WTO is accelerating. As part of the implementation of the country's "going out" strategy, overseas processing trade will inevitably have long-term development. From now on, only when the management of overseas processing trade is treated as a long-term systematic project can there be obvious and effective results. Therefore, it is the responsibility of inspection and quarantine agencies to pay attention to overseas processing trade and to manage it with a positive attitude to support new things. At the same time, the development of overseas processing trade is also of great benefit to the inspection and quarantine to open up new business growth points. Therefore, the current stage of inspection and quarantine is very promising in the management of overseas processing trade.
